Menopause: Challenges, Hormone Replacement Therapy and Physical Activity — A New Perspective for Women’s Health
Menopause is a natural phase in a woman's life, marked by the cessation of menstruation and significant hormonal changes. This transition can bring about a variety of physical and emotional symptoms, impacting quality of life. However, approaches such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and regular physical activity have proven effective in overcoming these challenges.

Understanding the Challenges of Menopause
Menopause usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, and is preceded by perimenopause, a period in which estrogen levels begin to decline.

 This hormonal decline can cause symptoms such as:

• Hot flashes and night sweats
• Mood swings and irritability
• Insomnia and fatigue
• Decreased libido
• Vaginal dryness
• Loss of bone and muscle mass

Additionally, there is an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes.Hormone Replacement Therapy: Benefits and Considerations

HRT aims to replace the hormones that the body stops producing, especially estrogen, relieving the symptoms of menopause and preventing long-term complications. Studies indicate that HRT can:

• Reduce vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes
• Prevent bone loss, reducing the risk of osteoporosis
• Improve cardiovascular health

However, it is essential to consider the associated risks, such as increased risk of breast cancer and thromboembolic events. The decision to start HRT should be individualized, taking into account each woman's medical history and needs.
Regular exercise is essential during menopause. Benefits include:.

• Improved cardiovascular health
• Increased bone density
• Maintained muscle mass
• Reduced stress and improved mood

A study published in the Journal of Gerontology showed that postmenopausal women who participated in resistance exercise programs experienced significant increases in lean mass and reductions in body fat. Combining HRT and Exercise: Promising Results Research suggests that combining HRT with physical activity may offer additional benefits. A meta-analysis published in the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research concluded that this combination may improve systolic blood pressure and functional capacity in postmenopausal women.
Conclusion
Menopause, while challenging, can be effectively managed with appropriate approaches. Combining hormone therapy and regular physical activity offers a comprehensive strategy to improve the quality of life for women during this phase. It is essential that each woman, together with her healthcare professional, evaluate the options available and choose the path that is most appropriate for her well-being.